Polymers of halogenated esters of phosphorus-containing acids

ABSTRACT

This invention deals with new phosphorus-containing esters having the formulas  Y ¦ CH2=CCOO-R-O-Q-(O-R-CX=CXR&#39;)2  YXX ¦¦¦ CH2=CCOO-R-O-Q-(O-RC-C-R&#39;)2 ¦¦ XX  Y ¦ CH2=CCOO-R-Q-(O-RCX=CXR&#39;)2 and  YXX ¦¦¦ CH2=C-COO-R-Q-(O-RC-C-R&#39;)2 ¦¦ XX  wherein Y represents H, CH3 or Cl; R represents a divalent hydrocarbon radical containing 1 to 20 carbon atoms; Q represents &gt;P- or  O  PARALLEL  -P&lt; ;  ; R&#39; represents X, hydrogen or R&#39;&#39;; R&#39;&#39; represents a monovalent hydrocarbon radical containing 1 to 20 carbon atoms; and X represents chlorine or bromine.

This is a division of application Ser. No. 383,583 filed July 30, 1973, issued as U.S. Pat. No. 3,886,236, on May 27, 1975, which is in turn a continuation-in-part of copending application Ser. No. 179,543, filed Sept. 10, 1971, issued as U.S. Pat. No. 3,780,144, on Dec. 18, 1973, which in turn is a continuation of application Ser. No. 785,355, filed Dec. 19, 1968, now abandoned.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

This invention involves new esters containing both phosphorus and halogen atoms in their structures. More specifically, it concerns the phosphite and phosphonium esters of halogenated acetylenic alcohols.

2. Related Prior Art

No pertinent prior art is known. Some of the intermediate acetylenic phosphorus-containing esters which can be halogenated to some of the products of this invention are disclosed in my copending application, Ser. No. 692,638, filed Dec. 22, 1967, now abandoned.

STATEMENT OF THE INVENTION

The esters of this invention are represented by the formulas: ##EQU3## wherein Y represents H, CH₃ or Cl;

R represents a divalent hydrocarbon radical containing one to twenty carbon atoms;

Q represents >P-- or ##EQU4## R' represents X, hydrogen or R"; R" represents a monovalent hydrocarbon radical containing one to twenty carbon atoms; and

X represents chlorine or bromine.

By substitution of the Q in the formulas by either P or P(O) these esters may be represented more specifically by the formulas ##EQU5##

For many of the purposes of this invention the esters of formulas A, C, E and G are much preferred because of their greater stability in the attachment of the halogen atoms as discussed more fully hereinafter. However, where higher halogen content is desired, the esters of formulas B, D, F and H have particular value for many purposes. Moreover, loss of halogen from the higher substituted type of esters results in the more stable unsaturated forms A, C, E and G.

Thee divalent hydrocarbon radical represented by R in the above formulas can be aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic and can be saturated or have ethylenic or acetylenic unsaturation therein. Aliphatic radicals include aryl-substituted aliphatic radicals such as phenylethylene, phenylenedimethylene, etc.; aromatic radicals include alkyl, alkenyl and alkynyl substituted aromatic radicals such as tolylene, xylylene, ethylphenylene, vinylphenylene, propargylphenylene, etc.; and cycloaliphatic radicals include alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl and aryl substituted cycloaliphatic radicals such as ethylcyclohexylene, vinylcyclohexylene, propargylcyclohexylene, phenylcycloheptylene, tolylcyclopentylene, etc. The simpler and smaller of these radicals are preferred for obvious reasons, but the more complicated radicals can also be used and are included in the scope of this invention.

These divalent hydrocarbon radicals are illustrated by the following typical radicals: --CH₂ --; --(CH₂)₂ --; --(CH₂)₄ --; --(CH₂)₇ --; --(CH₂)₁₂ --; --C(CH₃)₂ --; --CH(CH₃)--; --CH(C₆ H₅)--; --CH(C₆ H₁₁)--; --CH(C₄ H₉)--; --CH(C₈ H₁₇)--; --CH₂ CH(C₆ H₅ CH₃)--; --CH(CH₃)CH₂ CH₂ --; --CH₂ CH=CHCH₂ --; --CH₂ C≡CCH₂ --; --CH₂ CH(C₆ H₅ CH₃)--; --CH(CH₃)CH₂ CH₂ --; --CH₂ CH=CHCH₂ --; --CH₂ C≡CCH₂ --; --CH₂ CH(CH=CH₂)--; --CH(C≡CH)CH₂ --; --CH(CH₂ S₆ H₅)CH₂ --; --CH₂ C₆ H₄ CH₂ --; --CH₂ CH₂ C.sub. 6 H₄ --; --C₆ H₄ --; --C₆ H₃ (CH₃)--; --C₁₀ H₆ --; --C₁₀ H₅ (C₂ H₅)--; --C₆ H₃ (CH=CH₂)--; --C₆ H₃ (CH₂ C≡CH)--; --C.sub. 6 H₄ -C₆ H₄ --; --C₆ H₄ (C₆ H₅)--; --C₆ H₁₀ --; --C₅ H₈ --; --C₇ H₁₂ --; --C₆ H₉ (CH₃)--; --C₆ H₉ (C₆ H₅)--; --C₆ H₉ (CH=CH₂)--; --C₇ H₁₁ (CH₂ C≡CH)--; --CH₂ C₆ H₁₀ CH₂ --; --CH₂ CH₂ C₆ H₁₀ --; --(CH₂)₈ CH=CH(CH₂)₁₀ --; and the like.

The monovalent hydrocarbon radical represented by R" in the above formulas can be aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic and can be saturated or have ethylenic or acetylenic unsaturation therein. Aliphatic radicals include aryl-substituted aliphatic radicals such as phenylethyl, diphenylethyl, benzyl, tolylethyl, etc.; aromatic radicals include alkyl, alkenyl and alkynyl substituted aromatic radicals such as tolyl, xylyl, ethylphenyl, vinylphenyl, propargylphenyl, etc.; and cycloaliphatic radicals include alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl and aryl substituted cycloaliphatic radicals such as ethylcyclohexyl, vinylcyclohexyl, propargylcyclohexyl, phenylcycloheptyl, tolylcyclopentyl, etc. The simpler and smaller of these radicals are preferred for obvious reasons, but the more complicated radicals can also be used and are included in the scope of this invention.

These monovalent hydrocarbon radicals are illustrated by the following typical radicals: --CH₃ ; --C₂ H₅ ; --C₄ H₉ ; --CH=CH₂ ; --(CH₂)₇ CH₃ ; --(CH₂)₁₂ CH₃ ; --CH(CH₃)₂ ; --CH(C₆ H₅)₂ ; --CH₂ CH=CH₂ ; --CH₂ C≡CH; --CH.sub. 2 C₆ H₁₁ ; --CH₂ CH₂ C.sub. 6 H₅ CH₃ ; --CH(CH₃)CH₂ CH₃ ; --CH₂ CH₂ CH=CH₂ ; --CH(C≡CH)CH₃ ; --CH(CH₂ C₆ H₅)CH₃ ; --CH₂ C.sub. 6 H₄ CH₃ ; --CH₂ CH₂ C₆ H₅ ; --C₆ H₅ ; --C₆ H₄ CH₃ ; --C₆ H₃ (CH₃)₂ ; --C₁₀ H₇ ; --C₁₀ H₆ C₂ H₅ ; --C₆ H₄ CH=CH₂ ; --C₆ H₄ CH₂ C≡CH; --C.sub. 6 H₄ --C.sub. 6 H₅ ; --C₆ H₄ (C.sub. 6 H₅); --C₆ H₁₁ ; --C₅ H₉ ; --C₇ H₁₃ ; --C₆ H₁₀ CH₃ ; --C.sub. 6 H₁₀ C.sub. 6 H₅ ; --C.sub. 6 H₁₀ CH=CH₂ ; --C₇ H₁₂ CH₂ C≡CH; --CH₂ C.sub. 6 H₁₀ CH₃ ; --CH₂ CH₂ C.sub. 6 H₁₁ ; --(CH₂)₈ CH=CH(CH₂)₉ CH₃ ; and the like.

The esters of Formula A are prepared readily by the following reaction using mole per mole of reagents: ##EQU6##

The esters of Formula B are prepared by mole per mole reaction as follows: ##EQU7##

The esters of Formula C are prepared by the reaction of one mole of PX₃ with one mole of ##EQU8## and the resultant ##EQU9## is reacted with 2 moles of HO--R--CX=CXR' to give ##EQU10##

The esters of Formula D are prepared by using HO--R--CX₂ CX₂ R' instead of HO--R--CX=CXR' in the reaction of the preceding paragraph.

The esters of Formula G are prepared by mole per mole reaction as follows: ##EQU11## The byproduct XRCX=CXR' is removed by distillation and G is left as a residue.

The esters of Formula H are prepared by the same reaction used for G by substituting P(ORCX₂ CX₂ R')₃ for the P(ORCX=CXR')₃.

The esters of Formula E are prepared by the reaction of one mole of XP(O)(ORCX=CXR')₂ with one mole of ##EQU12## to give ##EQU13## Substitution of HORCX₂ CX₂ R' for the HORCX=CXR' gives ##EQU14##

The above reactions are advantageously conducted in the temperature range of 0° to 100° C., and preferably in the presence of a polymerization inhibitor of the various well known types, such as t-butyl catechol. When polymerization inhibitor is omitted the product is generally at least partially polymerized. Preferably a polymerization inhibitor is used during the preparation of the ester so that polymerization may be conducted subsequently either by itself or with copolymerizable vinyl or vinylene monomer such as styrene, alphamethyl styrene, methacrylates, acrylates, maleic anhydride, unsaturated polyesters, etc., or the monomer may be used for various other purposes as indicated herein.

Instead of using the halogenated acetylenic alcohols with the phosphorus halides as shown in the above reactions, the acetylenic alcohol may be converted first to the ester and the acetylenic ester posthalogenated to the desired product. Also instead of the POCl₃ which is used in some of the above reactions, there may be used PCl₅ or derivatives thereof, and the reaction product obtained hydrolyzed with water to yield the phosphate ester. Ester exchange reactions can also be used to prepare the esters of this invention.

The (--ORCX=CXR') type of esters of this invention differ from the esters of halogenated saturated alcohols, for example (--OCH₂ CHXCH₂ X), having much greater hydrolytic stability of the halogen atoms than the latter type of esters which show a much greater tendency to lose halogen. This loss of halogen occurs under conditions of high humidity, thereby limiting the utility of the specified type of saturated compound.

The novel phosphorus-containing esters of this invention are self-extinguishing when ignited and thus are particularly useful as fire-retardant additives for a host of other materials and compounds, particularly those of a resinous or polymeric nature, for example, when added to polymethyl methacrylate, polystyrene, cellulose acetate, cellulose butyrate, the polyesters, the polyurethanes, rubbers, nylon and others. They can also be used as fire-retardant impregnants for porous bodies, such as paper, wood, fiberboard, cork, etc.

As organic compounds containing phosphorus and halogen atoms they are useful also as agricultural chemicals in the fields of insecticides, herbicides, pesticides, etc., as well as gasoline additives to function as metal scavengers for antiknock gasolines containing organo-lead, -boron or metallo-organo-compounds. Particularly are they useful as chemical intermediates in the synthesis of a host of other useful derivatives. The di- and tri-halo compounds can be halogenated further at the ethylenic double bond to produce tetrahalo and pentahalo compounds which have even greater self-extinguishing properties than the dihalo compounds. They are also readily convertible to the mono- and di-basic phosphorus esters. They also add to olefinic double bonds of the unsaturated compounds to yield plasticizers as well as polymerizable monomers. They react with epoxy compounds to produce substituted alcohols which can be used as modifiers of urethane polymers, polyesters, cellulose, etc.

Derivatives prepared from the compounds of this invention also find utility as flame-retardant additives and impregnants, as agricultural chemicals and as fuel additives. In addition, when the parent compounds or derivatives contain functional groups, such as the OH groups, they can be used as modifiers in polymerization reactions or can be reacted with other functional molecules such as with the isocyanates, acid anhydrides, acid chlorides, oxirane compounds, etc., or when they contain an unsaturated olefinic group they can be homopolymerized or copolymerized with other monomers; or when they contain an amide group they can be reacted with aldehydes and polymerized alone or copolymerized with urea or melamine, or their methylol compounds can be reacted with cellulose or wool, etc.

The practice of this invention is illustrated by the following examples. These examples are given merely by way of illustration and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way nor the manner in which the invention can be practiced. Unless specifically indicated otherwise, parts and percentages are given as parts and percentages by weight.

EXAMPLE I

One hundred forty-five parts of 1,2,3-trichloropropene are added to a solution of 106 parts of sodium carbonate dissolved in 900 parts of water and the mixture refluxed for 10 hours. The water layer is then separated from the oily layer which is dried over anhydrous sodium carbonate, separated by filtration and distilled. There is obtained 115 parts of 2,3-dichloro-2-propene-1-ol, ClCH=CClCH₂ OH, (I), b.p. 45°-46° C./1.5 mm; yield 91%.

EXAMPLE II

a. To 250 parts of carbon tetrachloride is added 56 parts of propargyl alcohol (A) and to this solution there is added slowly, at room temperature, a solution of 160 parts of bromine in 250 parts of carbon tetrachloride and allowed to react at room temperature for 2 hours. Then the mixture is heated to 30°-40° C. for 2 hours. The product is distilled to recover the carbon tetrachloride and the 2,3-dibromo-2-propene-1-ol, BrCH=CBrCH₂ OH, (II), b.p. 51°-52° C./0.7 mm; yield 93%.

b. Treatment of 1,2,3-tribromopropene with aqueous sodium carbonate by the procedure of Example I yields the same 2,3-dibromo-2-propene-1ol.

EXAMPLE III

The reaction of 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol (B) with NaOCl under an inert atmosphere of nitrogen according to the procedure given in the Bull. soc. chim. (France), p. 1615 (1965) gives an 87% yield of 4-chloro-2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol, ##EQU15## b.p. 54°-56° C/18 mm.

EXAMPLE IV

The reaction of 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol in water with Br₂ and NaOH by the procedure given in Ann. Chem. (Rome), 47, 118 (1957) yields 4-bromo-2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol, ##EQU16## b.p. 92°-93° C./22 mm.

EXAMPLE V

The procedure of Example II(a) is repeated using instead of propargyl alcohol, one equivalent weight or the following acetylenic alcohols to obtain the halo-derivative corresponding to the alcohol used: ##EQU17##

EXAMPLE VI

a. To a solution of 56 parts of propargyl alcohol and 0.1 part of iodine in 300 parts of tetrachloroethylene is slowly passed chlorine gas while exposed to an ultraviolet lamp until 70 parts of chlorine are reacted. The halogenated product is then recovered by distillation and the majority of the product is identical to the 2,3-dichloro-2-propene-1-ol of Example I.

b. In a similar manner there is prepared ##EQU18##

EXAMPLE VII

A mixture of 46 parts of PCl₃, 126 parts of 2,3-dichloro-2-propene-1-ol and 150 parts of toluene is refluxed until no more HCl is evolved from the reaction. The mixture is then allowed to cool to room temperature; then 5 parts of anhydrous sodium carbonate and 3 parts of decolorizing carbon are added to the solution and allowed to stand with stirring for 8 to 24 hours. The solution is then filtered and the filtrate distilled at 0.5 to 14 mm Hg pressure to recover the toluene. The yield of almost colorless residue is 96% of the theoretical amount. The infrared spectra of product confirm the absence of the band for the --OH group of the alcohol and the presence of the band for the ester group. The product is a viscous oil insoluble in water but soluble in benzene and toluene. The elemental analysis of the product: percent C, 26.95; percent H, 2.24; percent Cl, 52.56; are in close agreement with the theoretical values of C, 26.42; h, 2.20; Cl, 52.02 for P(OCH₂ CCl=CHCl)₃. The boiling point of the product is higher than 120° C. at 0.5 mm Hg. Attempts to distill the product at higher pressures, or at higher temperatures at 0.5 mm pressure results in secondary reactions which change the nature of the product, which product, however, is still self-extinguishing. Other triesters of this type having other R groups in place of the --CH₂ --and/or having bromine in place of the chlorine or having the tetrachloro or tetrabromo structure can be similarly prepared for use as intermediates in preparing phosphate esters of the present invention. The phosphites are converted to XP(ORCX=CXR')₂ compounds by reaction with PX₃. For example, 2 moles of P(OCH₂ CCl=CHCl)₃ is reacted with 1 mole of PCl₃ at 100° C. for 3 hours to give 3 moles of ClP(OCH₂ CCl=CHCl)₂.

EXAMPLE VIII

The procedure of Example VII is repeated using 51 parts of POCl₃ instead of 46 parts of PCl₃ and there is obtained the ester, PO(OCH₂ CCl=CHCl)₃, which contains approximately 50% chlorine. The reacton with POCl₃ is much slower than with PCl₃ ; however, it proceeds very readily if a mole of an hydrogen chloride acceptor, such as triethyl amine or pyridine, is used in the reaction mixture for each mole of liberated hydrogen chloride. Likewise, as indicated in Example VII, other triesters can be similarly prepared having other R groups and halogen composition to prepare intermediates for use in preparing phosphate esters of the present invention. The following procedures (a) and (b) illustrate how these phosphate triesters may be converted to intermediates useful in the preparation of esters of this invention.

a. To 73.85 parts of P(OCH₂ CBr=CHBr)₃ in 150 parts of toluene are added 13.6 parts of SO₂ Cl₂ and the mixture is heated at 50° C. for 1 hour until no more SO₂ is liberated. There is obtained an almost quantitative yield of 55.32 parts of ##EQU19## in toluene together with the byproduct. ClCH₂ CBr=CHBr. This solution can be used as prepared for the synthesis of other derivatives, or it may be distilled to recover toluene and ClCH₂ CBr=CHBr, leaving as a residue ClP(O)(OCH₂ CBr=CHBr)₂.

b. A mixture of 10.15 parts of P(OCH₂ CCl=CHCl)₃ and 15 parts of CH₃ COOH are heated at 100° C. for 2 hours following which it is distilled at 15 mm pressure to recover 42 parts of CH₃ COOCH₂ CCl=CHCl, leaving as a residue 86.2 parts of HOP(OCH₂ CCl=CHCl)₂ which on analysis is shown to contain 46.4% of Cl compared to a theoretical value of 47.3.

EXAMPLE IX

a. To 55.32 parts of ClP(O)(OCH₂ CBr=CHBr)₂ in 150 parts of toluene under a nitrogen atmosphere, there is slowly added at 20°-30° C. a solution containing 100 parts of toluene, 10.6 parts of CH₂ =CHCOOCH₂ CH₂ OH, 0.5 parts of tertiary butyl catechol and 5.9 parts of trimethyl amine, and the mixture stirred for 3 hours. The precipitated amine hydrochloride (CH₃)₃ N.HCl is removed by filtration, and the filtrate containing thhe product CH₂ =CHCOOCH₂ CH₂ OP(O)-- (OCH₂ CBr=CHBr)₂ is washed with distilled water until the washings are neutral. The toluene solution containing the polymerizable monomer, CH₂ =CHCOOCH₂ CH₂ OP(O)(OCH₂ CBr=CHBr)₂, can be used as prepared for the preparation of polymers and copolymers, or grafted to cellulose fibers, or the toluene can be removed by distillation at reduced pressures leaving an almost quantitative yield of the monomer.

The procedure of (a) is repeated a number of times using the reagents and obtaining the product indicated in the table below. ##EQU20##

EXAMPLE X

The procedures of Example IX are repeated using equivalent amounts respectively of the corresponding tetrahaloacetylenic alcohols in place of the dihaloacetylenic alcohols. The following monomers of this invention are thus prepared:

(a) CH₂ =CHCOOCH₂ CH₂ OP(O)(OCH₂ CBr₂ CHBr₂)₂

(b) CH₂ =CHCOOCH₂ CH₂ OP(O)(OCH₂ CCl₂ CHCl₂)₂

(c) CH₂ =C(CH₃)COOCH₂ CH₂ OP(O)(OCH₂ CCl₂ CHCl₂)₂

(d) CH₂ =C(Cl)COOCH₂ CH₂ OP(O)(OCH₂ CCl₂ CHCl₂)₂

(e) CH₂ =C(Cl)COOCH(CH₃)CH₂ OP(O)[O(CH₂)₃ CCl₂ CHCl₂ ]₂

(f) CH₂ =C(Cl)COOCH₂ C.sub. 6 H₄ CH₂ OP(O)(OCH₂ CCl.sub. 2 CCl.sub. 3)₂

(g) CH₂ =C(CH₃)COOC₆ H₁₀ OP(O)(OC₆ H₄ CCl.sub. 2 CHCl₂)₂

(h) CH₂ =CHCOO(CH₂)₃ OP(O)(OCH₂ CBr₂ CBr₃)₂

EXAMPLE XI

a. An equimolar mixture of P(OCH₂ CCl=CHCl)₃ and CH₂ =C(CH₃)COOCH₂ Cl is heated at 100° C. for 3 hours in the presence of 0.5% t-butyl catechol following which the mixture is distilled to remove ClCH=CClCH₂ Cl leaving as a residue the ester CH₂ =C(CH₃)COOCH₂ P(O)(OCH₂ CCl=CHCl)₂. (Formula G) The above product is verified by C, H, P, Cl and O analyses.

The procedure of (a) is repeated using an equivalent amount of CH₂ =C(Cl)COOCH₂ Cl in place of the CH₂ =C(CH₃)COOCH₂ Cl to produce the ester of the formula CH₂ =C(Cl)COOCH₂ P(O)(OCH₂ CCl=CHCl)₂.

c. The procedure of (a) is repeated using equivalent amounts of CH₂ =CHCOOCH₂ Cl and P(OCH₂ CBr=CHBr)₃ to give the ester having the formula

    CH.sub.2 =CHCOOCH.sub.2 P(O)(OCH.sub.2 CBr=CHBr).sub.2

d. The procedure of (a) is repeated using equivalent amounts of CH₂ =CHCOOCH₂ Cl and P(OCH₂ CCl=CCl₂)₂ to give the ester having the formula

    CH.sub.2 =CHCOOCH.sub.2 P(O)(OCH.sub.2 CCl=CCl.sub.2).sub. 2

e. The procedure of (a) is repeated using equivalent amounts of CH₂ =C(CH₃)COOCH₂ Br and P(OCH₂ CCl=CCl₂)₃ to give the ester having the formula

    CH.sub.2 =C(CH.sub.3)COOCH.sub.2 P(O)(OCH.sub.2 CCl=CCl.sub.2).sub.2

f. The procedure of (a) is repeated using equivalent amounts of CH₂ =C(CH₃)COOCH₂ Cl and P[OC(CH₃)₂ CBr=CHBr]₃ to give the ester having the formula

    CH.sub.2 =C(CH.sub.3)COOCH.sub.2 P(O)[OC(CH.sub.3).sub.2 CBr=CHBr].sub.2

g. The procedure of (a) is repeated using equivalent amounts of CH₂ =CHCOO(CH₂)₂ Cl and P(OCH₂ CCl=CHCl)₃ to give the ester of the formula

    CH.sub.2 =CHCOO(CH.sub.2).sub.2 P(O)(OCH.sub.2 CCl=CHCl).sub.2

h. The procedure of (a) is repeated using equivalent amounts of CH₂ =CHCOO(CH₂)₄ Cl and HOP(OCH₂ CCl=CHCl)₂ to give the ester having the formula

    CH.sub.2 =CHCOOCH.sub.2 P(O)(OCH.sub.2 CCl=CHCl).sub.2

The procedure of (a) is repeated a number of times using equivalent amounts of appropriate starting materials as illustrated above to produce esters having the following formulas:

i. CH₂ =CHCOOCH₂ C₆ H₄ CH₂ P(O)[O(CH₂)₄ CCl=CHCl]₂

j. CH₂ =CHCOOC₆ H₁₀ P(O)(OC₆ H₁₀ CCl=CHCl)₂

k. CH₂ =CHCOOC₆ H₄ CH₂ P(O)(OC₆ H₄ CCl=CHCl)₂

l. CH₂ =CHCOOC₆ H₄ P(O)(OCH₂ C₆ H₄ CCl=CHCl)₂

EXAMPLE XII

a. The procedure of Example IX is repeated using a mole of CH₂ =C(CH₃)COOCH₂ CH₂ OH in place of the CH₂ =CHCOOCH₂ CH₂ OH and a mole of ClP(OCH₂ CCl=CHCl)₂ in place of the ClP(O)-- (OCH₂ CBr=CHBr)₂. After distillation of the toluene solvent an almost quantitative yield is obtained of

    CH.sub.2 =C(CH.sub.3)COOCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 OP(OCH.sub.2 CCl=CHCl).sub. 2

The procedure of (a) is repeated a number of times using molar equivalents of the reagents indicated and obtaining the ester indicated in the following table:

       Reagents             Product                                                __________________________________________________________________________     (b)                                                                              CH.sub.2 =C(Cl)COO(CH.sub.2).sub.4 OH +                                                           CH.sub.2 =C(Cl)COO(CH.sub.2).sub.4 OP--                     BrP(OCH.sub.2 CBr=CBr.sub.2).sub.2                                                                (OCH.sub.2 CBr=CBr.sub.2).sub.2                           (c)                                                                              CH.sub.2 =CHCOOC.sub.6 H.sub.4 OH +                                                               CH.sub.2 =CHCOOC.sub.6 H.sub.4 OP--                         ClP[O(CH.sub.2).sub.6 CCl=C(CH.sub.3)Cl].sub.2                                                    [O(CH.sub.2).sub.6 CCl=C(CH.sub.3)Cl].sub.2               (d)                                                                              CH.sub.2 =CHCOOCH.sub.2 C.sub.6 H.sub.4 CH.sub.2 OH +                                             CH.sub.2 =CHCOOCH.sub.2 C.sub.6 H.sub.4 CH.sub.2                               OP--                                                        ClP(OC.sub.6 H.sub.4 CBr=CHBr).sub.2                                                              (OC.sub.6 H.sub.4 CBr=CHBr).sub.2                         (e)                                                                              CH.sub.2 =CHCOOC.sub.6 H.sub.10 OH +                                                              CH.sub.2 =CHCOOC.sub.6 H.sub.10 OP--                        ClP(OCH.sub.2 C.sub.6 H.sub.10 CH.sub.2 CCl=CHCl).sub.2                                           (OCH.sub.2 C.sub.6 H.sub.10 CH.sub.2 CCl=CHCl).sub.2                           8                                                         (f)                                                                              CH.sub.2 =CHCOOC(CH.sub.3).sub.2 OH +                                                             CH.sub.2 =CHCOOC(CH.sub.3).sub. 2 OP[OCH--                  ClP[OCH(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2 CBr=CBrCh.sub.2 C.sub.6 H.sub.5 ].sub.2                                 (CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2 CBr=CBrCH.sub.2 C.sub.6 H.sub.5                             ].sub.2                                                   __________________________________________________________________________

EXAMPLE XIII

The procedures of Example XII are repeated using respectively in place of the dihaloacetylenic esters the corresponding tetraholo esters to give the following esters:

a. CH₂ =C(CH₃)COOCH₂ CH₂ OP(OCH₂ CCl₂ CHCl₂)₂

b. CH₂ =C(Cl)COO(CH₂)₄ OP(OCH₂ CBr₂ CBr₃)₂

c. CH₂ =CHCOOC₆ H₄ OP[O(CH₂)₆ CCl.sub. 2 C(CH₃)Cl.sub. 2 ]₂

d. CH₂ =CHCOOCH₂ C₆ H₄ OP(OC₆ H₄ CBr₂ CHBr₂)₂

e. CH₂ =CHCOOC₆ H₁₀ OP(OCH₂ C₆ H₁₀ CH₂ CCl₂ CHCl₂)₂

f. CH₂ =CHCOOC(CH₃)₂ OP[OCH(CH₃)CH₂ CBr₂ CBr₂ CH₂ C₆ H₅ ]₂

EXAMPLE XIV

A mixture of 1 mole of CH₂ =CHCOOCH₂ CH₂ PCl₂ and 2 moles of 2,3-dichloro-2-propene-1-Ol in toluene (100 parts per mole of reagent) is refluxed until no more HCl is evolved from the reaction. The mixture is then allowed to cool to room temperature; then 5 parts of anhydrous sodium carbonate and 3 parts of decolorizing carbon are added to the solution and allowed to stand with stirring for 8 to 24 hours. The solution is then filtered and the filtrate distilled at 0.5 to 14 mm Hg pressure to recover the toluene. The yield of almost colorless residue is 96% of the theoretical amount. The infrared spectra of the product confirm the absence of the band for the --OH group of the alcohol and the presence of the band for the ester group. The elemental analysis conforms to the structure CH₂ =CHCOOCH₂ CH₂ P(OCH₂ CCl=CHCl)₂. Repetition of the foregoing procedure using equivalent amounts respectively of other dihalo acetylenic alcohols gives the following products respectively:

    Dihalo Acetylenic Alcohol                                                                          Ester Monomer                                              ______________________________________                                         (b) CHBr=CBrCh.sub.2 OH                                                                             CH.sub.2 =CHCOOCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 P--                                           (OCH.sub.2 CBr=CHBr).sub.2                                (c) CHCl=CCl(CH.sub.2).sub.3 OH                                                                     CH.sub.2 =CHCOOCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 P--                                           [O(CH.sub.2).sub.3 CCl=CHCl].sub.2                        (d) CCl.sub.2 =CClCH.sub.2 OH                                                                       CH.sub.2 =CHCOOCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 P--                                           (OCH.sub.2 CCl=CCl.sub.2).sub.2                           (e) CH.sub.3 CCl=CClCH.sub.2 OH                                                                     CH.sub.2 =CHCOOCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 P--                                           (OCH.sub.2 CCl=CClCH.sub.3).sub.2                         (f) C.sub.6 H.sub.5 CBr=CBr(CH.sub.2).sub.2 OH                                                      CH.sub.2 =CHCOOCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 P--                                           (OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CBr=CBrC.sub.6 H.sub.5).sub.2         (g) CHCl=CClC.sub.6 H.sub.10 OH                                                                     CH.sub.2 =CHCOOCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 P--                                           (OC.sub.6 H.sub.10 CCl=CHCl).sub.2                        ______________________________________                                    

Repetition of the foregoing procedure by replacing the phosphinic dichloride with an equivalent amount of other phosphinic dihalides gives the following products respectively:

     Phosphinic Dihalide                                                                                  Ester Monomer                                           __________________________________________________________________________     (h)                                                                              CH.sub.2 =C(CH.sub.3)COO(CH.sub.2).sub.3 PCl.sub.2                                               CH.sub.2 =C(CH.sub.3)COO(CH.sub.2).sub.3 P--                                   (OCH.sub.2 CCl=CHCl).sub.2                                 (i)                                                                              CH.sub.2 =C(Cl)COOC.sub.6 H.sub.4 CH.sub.2 PBr.sub.2                                             CH.sub.2 =C(Cl)COOC.sub.6 H.sub.4 CH.sub.2 P--                                 (OCH.sub.2 CCl=CHCl).sub.2                                 (j)                                                                              CH.sub.2 =C(CH.sub.3)COOC.sub.6 H.sub.10 PCl.sub.2                                               CH.sub.2 =C(CH.sub.3)COOC.sub.6 H.sub.10 P--                                   (OCH.sub.2 CCl=CHCl).sub.2                                 (k)                                                                              CH.sub.2 =CHCOOCH(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2 PBr.sub.2                                                    CH.sub.2 =CHCOOCH(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2 P--                                        (OCH.sub.2 CCl=CHCl).sub.2                                 (l)                                                                              CH.sub.2 =CHCOOCH(C.sub.3 H.sub.7)CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 PCl.sub.2                                    CH.sub.2 =CHCOOCH(C.sub.3 H.sub.7)CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2                            P--                                                                            (OCH.sub.2 CCl=CHCl).sub.2                                 __________________________________________________________________________

EXAMPLE XV

The procedures of Example XIV are repeated using in place of the dihaloacetylenic alcohols equivalent amounts respectively of the corresponding tetrahalo alcohols to give the following monomers of this invention:

a. CH₂ CHCOOCH₂ CH₂ P(OCH₂ CCl.sub. 2 CHCl₂)₂

b. CH₂ =CHCOOCH₂ CH₂ P(OCH₂ CBr₂ CHBr₂)₂

c. CH₂ =CHCOOCH₂ CH₂ P[O(CH₂)₃ CCl₂ CHCl_(2]) ₂

d. kCH₂ =CHCOOCH₂ CH₂ P(OCH₂ CCl₃)₂

e. CH₂ =CHCOOCH₂ CH₂ P(OCH₂ CCl₂ CH₃)₂

f. CH₂ =CHCOOCH₂ CH₂ P(OCH₂ CH₂ CBr₂ CBr₂ C₆ H₅)₂

g. CH₂ =CHCOOCH₂ CH₂ P(OC₆ H₁₀ CCl₂ CHCl₂)₂

h. CH₂ =C(CH₃)COO(CH₂)₃ P(OCH₂ CCl₂ CHCl₂)₂

i. CH₂ =C(Cl)COOC₆ H₄ CH₂ P(OCH₂ CCl₂ CHCl₂)₂

j. CH₂ =C(CH₃)COOC₆ H₁₀ P(OCH₂ CCl₂ CHCl₂)₂

k. CH₂ =CHCOOCH(CH₃)CH₂ P(OCH₂ CCl₂ CHCl₂)₂

l. CH₂ =CHCOOCH(C₃ H₇)CH₂ CH₂ P(OCH₂ CCl₂ CHCl₂)₂

EXAMPLE XVI

a. An equimolar mixture of P(OCH₂ CCl₂ CHCl₂)₃ and CH₂ =C(CH₃)COOCH₂ Cl is heated at 100° C. for 3 hours in the presence of 0.5% t-butyl catechol following which the mixture is distilled to remove ClCH₂ CCl₂ CHCl₂ leaving as a residue the ester

    CH.sub.2 =C(CH.sub.3)COOCH.sub.2 P(O)(OCH.sub.2 CCl.sub. 2 CHCl.sub.2).sub.2.                                        (H)

the above product is verified by C, H, P, Cl and O analyses.

b. The procedure of (a) is repeated using an equivalent amount of CH₂ =C(Cl)COOCH₂ Cl in place of the CH₂ =C(CH₃)COOCH₂ Cl to produce the ester of the formula

    CH.sub.2 =C(Cl)COOCH.sub.2 P(O)(OCH.sub.2 CCl.sub. 2 CHCl.sub.2).sub.2

c. The procedure of (a) is repeated using equivalent amounts of CH₂ =CHCOOCH₂ Cl and P(OCH₂ CBr₂ CHBr₂)₃ to give the ester having the formula

    CH.sub.2 =CHCOOCH.sub.2 P(O)(OCH.sub.2 CBr.sub.2 CHBr.sub.2).sub. 2

d. The procedure of (a) is repeated using equivalent amounts of CH₂ =CHCOOCH₂ Cl and P(OCH₂ CCl₂ CCl.sub. 3)₃ to give the ester having the formula

    CH.sub.2 =CHCOOCH.sub.2 P(O)(OCH.sub.2 CCl.sub.2 CCl.sub.3).sub. 2

e. The procedure of (a) is repeaated using equivalent amounts of CH₂ =C(CH₃)COOCH₂ Br and P(OCH₂ CCl₂ CCl.sub. 3)₃ to give the ester having the formula

    CH.sub.2 =C(CH.sub.3)--COOCH.sub.2 P(O)(OCH.sub.2 CCl.sub.2 CCl.sub. 2).sub.2

f. The procedure of (a) is repeated using equivalent amounts of CH₂ =C(CH₃)COOCH₂ Cl and P[OC(CH₃)₂ CBr₂ CHBr₂)₃ to give the ester having the formula

    CH.sub.2 =C(CH.sub.3)COOCH.sub.2 P(O)(OC(CH.sub.3).sub.2 CBr.sub.2 CHBr.sub.2).sub.2

g. The procedure of (a) is repeated using equivalent amounts of CH₂ =CHCOO(CH₂)₂ Cl and P(OCH₂ CCl₂ CHCl₂)₃ to give the ester of the formula

    CH.sub.2 =CHCOO(CH.sub.2).sub.2 P(O)(OCH.sub.2 CCl.sub.2 CHCl.sub.2).sub.2

h. The procedure of (a) is repeated using equivalent amounts of CH₂ =CHCOO(CH₂)₄ Cl and HOP(OCH₂ CCl₂ CHCl₂)₂ to give the ester having the formula

    CH.sub.2 =CHCOOCH.sub.2 P(O)(OCH.sub.2 CCl.sub. 2 CHCl.sub.2).sub.2

The procedure of (a) is repeated a number of times using equivalent amounts of appropriate starting materials as illustrated above to produce esters having the following formulas:

i. CH₂ =CHCOOCH₂ C₆ H₄ CH₂ P(O)[O(CH₂)₄ CCl₂ CHCl_(2]) ₂

j. CH₂ =CHCOOC₆ H₁₀ P(O)(OC₆ H₁₀ CCl₂ CHCl₂)₂

k. CH₂ =CHCOOC₆ H₄ CH₂ P(O)(OC₆ H₄ CCl₂ CHCl.sub. 2)₂

l. CH₂ =CHCOOC₆ H₄ (O)(OCH₂ C 6H₄ CCl₂ CHCl₂)₂

EXAMPLE XVII

Samples of the various phosphorus esters of Examples IX-XVI are placed individually in a microcrucible and in each case the contents ignited by the flame of a microburner. When the flame is withdrawn, burning stops completely.

EXAMPLE XVIII

A mixture of 50 parts of methyl methacrylate, 5 parts of ##EQU21## and 0.5 parts of benzoyl peroxide is polymerized in a sealed container under nitrogen at 80° C. until a hard polymer is obtained, which is self-extinguishing. Similar self-extinguishing polymers are obtained when, instead of ##EQU22## the individual esters of Examples IX-XVI inclusive are used.

EXAMPLE XIX

The procedure of Example XVIII is repeated using instead of methyl methacrylate, the monomers styrene, acrylonitrile and vinyl acetate respectively, and selfextinguishing polymers are obtained in each case.

EXAMPLE XX

Ten parts of ##EQU23## are added respectively to each of the following, which are approximately 50% solvents and 50% solids, (a) a clear alkyd varnish, (b) a cellulose acetate-butyrate lacquer, (c) a white-pigment oil-modified epoxy paint, and (d) a pigmented urethane-type paint; then films are cast from the mixtures and allowed to dry or cure for 4 days. Attempts to ignite the resulting films showed in each case that they are self-extinguishing. Similar results are obtained when other esters selected from each of Examples IX through XVI are similarly tested.

EXAMPLE XXI

A skein of 20 parts of cotton thread is placed in 500 parts of an aqueous solution containing 2.5 parts NaOH, 2.5 parts CS₂ and 0.05 parts of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate and allowed to stand for 30 minutes. The thread is then removed, washed thoroughly with distilled water, and immersed in 500 parts of a solution containing 0.05 parts of FeSO₄.(NH₄)₂ SO₄ and 1.5 parts of tetra-bis-hydroxymethyl phosphonium chloride for 10 minutes. The thread is then washed with distilled water and suspended in 1000 parts of an emulsion containing 8 parts of CH₂ =CHCOOCH₂ CH₂ OP(O)(OCH₂ CBr=CHBr)₂ 0.1 parts of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate and 1.5 parts of hydrogen peroxide and the mixture heated with agitation under nitrogen for 3 hours. The thread is then removed, washed with water and dried. There is obtained 28 parts of grafted thread, which when suspended and its end ignited, is self-extinguishing when the source of the flame is withdrawn.

EXAMPLE XXII

A mixture of 50 parts ##EQU24## 50 parts toluene and 0.5 parts of benzoyl peroxide is polymerized in a sealed container under nitrogen and at 80° C. for 10 hours. The toluene is evaporated to give a solid resin. Five parts of this is mixed with 100 parts respectively of polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, polyacrylonitrile, polybutadiene, polyvinylacetate and molded in each case to a hard casting. In each case attempts to ignite each casting showed the product to be self-extinguishing in each case. The procedure is repeated with each of the monomers of Examples IX through XVI and in each case the product is found to be self-extinguishing.

As shown above the phosphorus-containing esters of this invention are polymerizable by themselves or in mixtures with each other or in mixtures with other vinyl or vinylidene monomers, sometimes referred to herein as vinyl monomers, such as styrenes, i.e., styrene, alphamethylstyrene, vinyl naphthalene, vinyl diphenyl, etc., with acrylates, such as methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, ethyl chloracrylate, etc., vinyl esters such as vinyl acetate, vinyl benzoate, vinyl butyrate, etc., acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, esters of polymerizable dibasic acids such as dimethyl maleate, diethyl fumarate, diallyl phthalate, divinyl azelate, dimethyl itaconate, etc., maleic anhydride, itaconic anhydride, etc.

In producing self-extinguishing copolymers with such copolymerizing monomers, such properties are exhibited with as little as 0.1 percent by weight, preferably at least 1 percent by weight, of a monomer of this invention. In blends of homopolymers or copolymers of these phosphorus-containing esters with other polymers, such as polystyrene, etc., there is advantageously at least 0.1 percent, preferably at least 1 percent by weight, of the product represented by the phosphorus-containing ester portion.

In polymerizing the esters of this invention the various polymerization systems and techniques known in the art may be used, such as free-radical, such as peroxy and azo systems, thermal, radiation and various other systems. For most purposes for which the polymer products are to be used molecular weights of at least 500, preferably at least 1,000, are desirable.

As indicated above and where it may be desired, the polymers can be produced directly with the preparation of the ester by omitting the inhibitor and allowing polymerization to occur simultaneously. If the polymerization has not progressed sufficiently by the time the preparation reaction is completed, heating may be continued at the same or higher temperatures, or catalysts, such as benzoyl peroxide, etc. may be added to complete the polymerization.

While the esters or monomers of this invention have been represented by various formulas, they may also be represented generically by the formulas ##EQU25## wherein n represents zero or one, and the other symbols are as defined above.

Similarly the repeating units in polymers produced from these esters can be represented by the formulas ##EQU26##

Polymers having repeating units similar to those produced by polymerizing the monomer esters of this invention may also be produced by polymerizing an acrylate portion of the monomer, such as a (hydroxyalkyl) acrylate, or (chloroalkyl) acrylate and reacting the remainder of the ester monomer repeating unit by reactions similar to those used in preparing the monomer. For example, poly(hydroxyethyl)acrylate may be dissolved or suspended in toluene, etc. and then reacted with an appropriate amount of ClPO(ORCX=CXR') ₂ to give repeating units having the formula ##EQU27##

While certain features of this invention have been described in detail with respect to the various embodiments thereof, it will, of course, be apparent that other modifications may be made within the spirit and scope of this invention, and it is not intended to limit the invention to the exact details shown above except insofar as they are defined in the following claims: 

The invention claimed is:
 1. A polymer having a plurality of repeating units therein selected from the class consisting of ##EQU28## wherein Y represents H, CH₃ or Cl;Q represents >p-- or ##EQU29## X represents Cl or Br; R represents a divalent hydrocarbon radical of 1-20 carbon atoms; R' represents H, X or R"; and R" represents a monovalent hydrocarbon radical of 1-20 carbon atoms.
 2. Th polymer of claim 1 in which the repeating unit formula is ##EQU30##
 3. The polymer of claim 2 in which Q is --P<.
 4. The polymer of claim 2 in which Q is ##EQU31## .
 5. The polymer of claim 2 in which Y is H.
 6. The polymer of claim 2 in which Y is CH₃.
 7. The polymer of claim 2 in which Y is Cl.
 8. The polymer of claim 2 in which X is Cl.
 9. The polymer of claim 2 in which X is Br.
 10. The polymer of claim 2 in which R' is H.
 11. The polymer of claim 1 in which Q is --P<.
 12. The polymer of claim 1 in which Q is ##EQU32##
 13. The polymer of claim 1 in which Y is H.
 14. The polymer of claim 1 in which Y is CH₃.
 15. The polymer of claim 1 in which Y is Cl.
 16. The polymer of claim 1 in which X is Cl.
 17. The polmer of claim 1 in which X is Br.
 18. The polymer of claim 1 in which R' is H.
 19. The polymer of claim 1 having the repeating unit formula ##EQU33##
 20. The polymer of claim 19 in which Y is H.
 21. The polymer of claim 19 in which Y is CH₃.
 22. The polymer of claim 19 in which Y is Cl.
 23. The polymer of claim 19 in which X is Cl.
 24. The polymer of claim 19 in which X is Br.
 25. The polymer of claim 19 in which R' is H.
 26. The polymer of claim 1 having the repeating unit formula ##EQU34##
 27. The polymer of claim 26 in which Y and R' are both hydrogen. 